I-Computer Forensics: Intshayelelo kunye neProspect yekamva

1. intshayelelo

Kule mihla yedijithali ihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza, imfuno yokuqonda, ukuphanda, kunye nokukhusela idatha yombane ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngena kwindawo yophando lwekhompyutha, uqeqesho olukhethekileyo oludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yedijithali. Itekhnoloji ibalulekile ekusombululeni intaphane yamatyala, ukusukela ubuntlola bequmrhu kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukubaluleka kophando lophando lwekhompyutha aluphelelanga nje kwibala lezomthetho; licandelo lemisebenzi emininzi eyandisa iingcambu zayo kulawulo lweshishini, ukhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, nakwicandelo labucala kwimicimbi yobuqu. Nokuba kukulandela abaphulimthetho be-intanethi, ukukhusela ii-asethi zenkampani, okanye ukugcina idatha ebalulekileyo, i-computer forensics inika uluhlu lwezisombululo ezilungiselelwe imingeni yanamhlanje.

Njengoko intsimi iqhubeka nokuvela ngeendlela ezintsha, izixhobo, kunye neengqwalasela zokuziphatha, ukuqonda okubanzi kuyafuneka. Eli nqaku lijolise ekusebenzeni njengentshayelelo ecokisekileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-forensics yekhompyuter, egubungela inkcazo yayo, imbali, ukubaluleka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, imigaqo, iindlela, iintlobo zobungqina bedijithali, imiba yomthetho, nokunye okuninzi.

Sijoyine njengoko singena nzulu kweli hlabathi linomdla, sikhanyisela amacandelo abalulekileyo enza i-computer forensics ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuluntu lwethu lwedijithali. Nokuba uligosa lonyanzeliso lomthetho, ingcaphephe yokhuseleko kwi-intanethi, okanye ungumntu onomdla, kukho into ekufuneka wonke umntu ayifunde.

2. Inkcazo yeComputer Forensics

I-Computer forensics, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-digital forensics, yinkqubo yokuqokelela, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokugcina ubungqina be-elektroniki ngendlela evumelekileyo ngokusemthethweni. Embindini wayo, uqeqesho lujolise ekwakhiweni kwakhona kwendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho lwedijithali, ukuququzelela ukuqonda "yintoni, nini, njani, kwaye ngubani" malunga nemisebenzi ethandabuzekayo okanye engekho mthethweni ebandakanya iinkqubo zedijithali. Ezona njongo ziphambili zibandakanya ukuseka amaxesha, ukubuyisela kwakhonaost idatha, kunye nokubonelela ngobungqina obuninzi beenkqubo zomthetho.

Umzekelo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lucime i-imeyile yentlawulelo kwi-Outlook. Amapolisa angasebenzisa DataNumen Outlook Repair ukubuyisela loo imeyile kwaye uyisebenzise njengobungqina enkundleni.

Ngokwemigaqo esebenzayo, i-forensics yekhompyuter ihlala iyeyona ndlela yokuphanda ubuqhophololo bedijithali, ukufikelela kwedatha okungagunyaziswanga, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo i-cybercrime. Ayipheleli kwiikhompyuter kuphela kodwa inabela kwezinye izixhobo zedijithali ezinjengee-smartphones, iitafile, kunye neenkonzo zokugcina ilifu, ezibonisa iyantlukwano kunye nobunzima bobuchwepheshe bale mihla.

Kodwa i-forensics yekhompyuter ayisosixhobo nje esisebenzayo; Ikwanazo nezicelo ezisebenzayo. Umzekelo, iinkampani zisebenzisa ubuchule bobuchwephesha ukuvavanya ubuthathaka benethiwekhi yazo, ngaloo ndlela zithatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukunqanda ukophulwa kokhuseleko kwixa elizayo. La manyathelo asebenzayo abonisa indlela ebethelelwe nzulu kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani i-computer forensics kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yobomi bedijithali.

Ukuyishwankathela, i-computer forensics ibonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokugrumba nzulu kwizixhobo zombane kunye nothungelwano ukuze kufunyanwe ulwazi olunentsingiselo, nokuba lucombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho, lukhusela umbutho, okanye lukhusela abasebenzisi ngabanye. Itshata iteknoloji kunye neenkqubo zomthetho, iyenza ilitye lembombo kwiindlela zanamhlanje zophando.

3. Imbali kunye ne-Evolution yeComputer Forensics

Intsimi ye-forensics yekhompyutheni ibone i-evolution ekhangayo ebonisa ukunyuka kunye nokusasazeka kweteknoloji ngokwayo. Ivela ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970 kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, i-discipline start ukumila njengoko iikhompyuter ziye zaxhaphaka kwaye, ngenxa yoko, njengoko ulwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya izixhobo zedijithali lwaqala ukuvela. Ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho ngokukhawuleza yaqaphela imfuneko yezakhono ezikhethekileyo zokuphatha ubungqina be-elektroniki, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuqulunqweni ngokusesikweni kophando lwekhompyutha njengenkalo eyodwa.

Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, ngokuqhambuka kwe-intanethi, i-forensics yekhompyuter yafumana ukubaluleka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-cyber olufana nokugebenga, ukubiwa kwezazisi, kunye nobuqhophololo kwi-intanethi bandile, befuna iindlela ezomeleleyo zokuphanda nokunciphisa le miba. Njengoko iinkqubo zesoftware ziqhubela phambili, ngokunjalo nezixhobo zophando lwasenkundleni, ubuchule, kunye nezenzo ezingcono, ezikhokelela kuphuhliso lwesoftware ekhethekileyo yokubuyisela idatha, uhlalutyo, kunye nokunika ingxelo.

Iminyaka yoo-2000s yaphawula elinye ixesha elibalulekileyo, ngokunyuka kwekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones. Ngequbuliso, i-forensics yekhompyuter yayingekho malunga needesktops okanye iiframes eziphambili; abaphandi kwafuneka balungelelanise izakhono zabo ukubandakanya izixhobo eziphathwayo, ukugcinwa kwamafu, kunye nokuba Izixhobo ze-IoT. Intsimi yandisiwe kwi-scope kunye nobunzima, ifuna isethi entsha yeendlela kunye nezixhobo zokujongana nolu luhlu lubanzi lobungqina be-elektroniki.

Kwixesha langoku, sibona ukudityaniswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobuchule bokufunda koomatshini kwi-forensics yekhompyuter. Ezi teknoloji zinceda kuhlalutyo lwedatha, ukuqaphela iphethini, kunye ne-forensics eqikelelweyo, ejolise ekuqikeleleni izinto ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha yangaphambili. Njengoko sisiya singena nzulu kwixesha ledatha enkulu, ukhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo, indima ye-forensics yekhompyuter iya kuqhubeka nokukhula, ibe yinxalenye ekhulayo yehlabathi lethu ledijithali.

4. IiNdlela eziPhambili kunye neeNdlela zokuSebenza kwiKhompyutha yeForensics

Kwi-forensics yekhompyuter, kuqashwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye neendlela zokufezekisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo kunye nezamkelwe ngokusemthethweni. Enye yangaphambiliost ubuchule kukufumana idatha, okuyinkqubo yokuqokelela ubungqina bedijithali kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Oku akubandakanyi nje ukukopa iifayile kodwa rhoqo ukwenza i-bit-for-bit umfanekiso wendawo yokugcina, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ecinyiweyo okanye efihliweyo inokuhlalutywa. Ngokufanelekileyo ikhonkco-of-ugcino iinkqubo ziyimfuneko ngeli nqanaba ukugcina ingqibelelo yobungqina.

Omnye ummandla obalulekileyo lucazululo lwedatha, olunokwahlulwa lube ziinkqubo ezininzi ezinje ngohlahlelo lwefayile ye-artifact, uvavanyo lwetrafikhi yenethiwekhi, kunye nohlalutyo lwexesha. Iingcali ze-Forensic zisebenzisa izixhobo zesoftware ezikhethekileyo ukuhluza umthamo omkhulu wedatha, ukuchonga ubungqina obufanelekileyo kunye nokuseka amaxesha. Esi sigaba sihlala sibandakanya ukwahlulahlula iifomathi zefayile ezahlukeneyo, ukususa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwedatha, kunye nokwakha ngokutsha idatha ecandekileyo ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wemisebenzi ephantsi kophando.

Ukubuyiselwa kwedatha kukwayinto ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa ujongana neefayile ezicinyiweyo okanye ezifihliweyo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana ukukrola iifayile kunye nedata scraping, abaphandi banokufumana kwakhona amaqhekeza olwazi olubalulekileyo olunokuthi ngenye indlela luye lwaqwalaselwa lost. Le nkqubo isoloko ibalulekile kumatyala abandakanya ubuqhophololo, ukubiwa kwenkcazelo, okanye nasiphi na isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho apho ubungqina buye bacinywa ngabom. DataNumen SQL Recovery isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubuyiseleni SQL Server oovimba beenkcukacha abacinywa ngokusisigxina ngabaphuli-mthetho.

Isiqwenga sokugqibela sephazili kukunika ingxelo kunye namaxwebhu. Oku kubandakanya ukuqulunqa konke okufunyanisiweyo ngendlela ehambelanayo necwangcisiweyo ukuze inikezelwe enkundleni okanye kwezinye iimeko zomthetho. Apha, ugqaliselo alukho nje kubuchwephesha kodwa nasekubenzeni ulwazi luqondeke kwabo bangabathathi-nxaxheba abangabobuchwephesha njengamagqwetha, abagwebi, kunye neejaji. Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo aqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina abuchanekanga nje kuphela kodwa bukwamkeleke ngokusemthethweni, obunokwenza okanye buphule ityala.

5. Umahluko phakathi kweComputer Forensics kunye ne-E-Discovery

I-Computer Forensics kunye ne-E-Discovery zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo, kodwa zisebenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo kwaye zifuna iiseti zezakhono ezikhethekileyo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kuphando lwedatha kunye neenkqubo zomthetho.

IForensics yeKhompyutha igxile ekuchongeni, ekugcinweni, ekutsalweni, nasekubhalweni kobungqina be-elektroniki, rhoqo kulwaphulo-mthetho okanye kwizimangalo zoluntu. Iingcali zeForensics zihlalutya idatha kwinqanaba lokubini kwaye zixhotyiswe ukubuyisela ulwazi, nokuba lucinyiwe okanye lutshintshiwe. Bajonge ukuseka ikhonkco lokugcinwa kobungqina be-elektroniki, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyamkeleka enkundleni. Ubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa kwi-forensics yekhompyuter bunokungena kubunzulu benkqubo yekhompyuter, ichonge indlela idatha eyadalwa ngayo, yalungiswa, okanye yacinywa njani.

I-E-Discovery, kwelinye icala, sisenzo esibanzi esiqhele ukwenzeka kwinkqubo yesimangalo, kodwa ayiphelelanga nje kuphando olusemthethweni. I-E-Discovery ibandakanya ukuchonga, ukuqokelela, kunye nokuvelisa ulwazi olugcinwe ngekhompyutha (ESI) njengee-imeyile, amaxwebhu, ii-database, ii-voicemails, njl., ezifanelekileyo kwityala lomthetho. Ngokungafaniyo neengcali ze-forensics, iingcali ze-E-Discovery azikhathazeki ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwendlela okanye kutheni idatha yenziwe ngayo. Ingqwalasela yabo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olufanelekileyo lunokufunyanwa kwaye lulungelelaniswe ngendlela enokuhlaziywa kwiinkqubo zomthetho.

Omnye umahluko ophambili ulele kububanzi bomsebenzi. I-forensics yekhompyuter idla ngokuba ngaphezulu tarifunyenwe, igxile kwiziganeko ezithile okanye amanqaku edatha. I-E-Discovery, nangona kunjalo, ihlala ibandakanya izixa ezikhulu zedatha kwaye ibanzi kububanzi, ifuna rhoqo ukuthobela iimfuno zomthetho zolawulo kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi.

Isishwankathelo, ngelixa zombini iComputer Forensics kunye ne-E-Discovery zijolise ekufumaneni nasekuhlalutyeni ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, iindlela zabo, iinjongo, kunye nemida yahluke kakhulu. Ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi kwimeko ethile kubalulekile ukuze usebenze Lawulo lwe data kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho.

6. IiNgqwalasela zoBulungisa kunye nezoMthetho kwi-Computer Forensics

Iingqwalaselo zeenqobo ezisesikweni nezomthetho zenza umqolo walo naluphi na uphando lwasenkundleni lwekhompyutha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yomthetho ayiyondlela nje yokukhetha kodwa kuyimfuneko. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela izikhokelo zomthetho kunokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kobungqina, okwenza ukuba yonke inkqubo yophando ingabi namsebenzi enkundleni yomthetho. Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, njenge ukukhangela kunye nokuhlutha iiprothokholi okanye izenzo zokhuseleko lwedatha, zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kophando.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo licandelo leenqobo ezisesikweni, elihlala lidibana nemiba yezomthetho. Imvume yokufikelela kunye nokuhlalutya inkqubo yinkxalabo yokuziphatha esisiseko. Ukungenelela okungagunyaziswanga, nokuba kuphando, kunokudala ubuzaza iingxaki zokuziphatha kwaye kunokuba semthethweni. Iingcali zenkundla kufuneka zisoloko zisebenza phantsi kweemvume zomthetho ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba nemvume ecacileyo okanye isigunyaziso phambi kokubatarukwenza naluphi na uviwo lwasenkundleni.

Enye isiseko sendlela yokuziphatha kukujongelwa phantsi. Umhlalutyi wezobungcwalisa akufuneki abe nomdla kwisiphumo sophando. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kweziphumo, njengoko ukuthambekela kunokujongela phantsi ngokukhawuleza uphando lonke. Injongo iqinisekisa ukuba umhlalutyi uya kuxela iinyani, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zingachaphazela njani amaqela abandakanyekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubulungisa yinjongo yokugqibela.

Ukungafihli kunye namaxwebhu ajikeleza izinto ezisesikweni nezisemthethweni ekufuneka zibe nazo. Inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yophando-nzulu kufuneka libe selubala kwaye libhalwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze likwazi ukujongisisa, nokuba kumaqela omthetho achasayo okanye kuphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi. Le nkqubo ingqongqo yamaxwebhu ikwanceda ekuphononongweni koontanga, ivumela ezinye iingcaphephe kwinkalo ukuba ziqinisekise iindlela kunye nezigqibo, zomeleza amandla eziphumo.

7. Imingeni kunye neMida kwi-Computer Forensics

I-forensics yekhompyuter, ngelixa inamandla amakhulu, ayikho ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni kunye nemida. Omnye wazoost imiba ecinezelayo lumthamo wedatha ekufuneka iingcaphephe zasenkundleni zihluzwe. Ngomthamo wokugcina ukhula rhoqo, inani ledatha ekufuneka ihlalutywe linokuba likhulu. Oku akupheleli nje ekwenzeni inkqubo yophando-nzulu itye ixesha kodwa ikwafuna izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokubala.

Ukunyuka kwetekhnoloji ye-encryption nako kubangela umqobo obalulekileyo. Ngelixa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lulungile ekukhuseleni ubumfihlo, lenza uhlalutyo lwe-forensic lubenzima kakhulu. Nokuba zinee-algorithms ezinamandla kunye nezixhobo zokubala ezinazo, ukususa ukuntsonkotha kwedatha ekhuselweyo yinkqubo ecothayo nenzima engasoloko iphumelela. Abahlalutyi be-Forensic kufuneka bahlale phambi kwejika kwi-cryptography ukuze bahlale besebenza.

Enye inkxalabo kukukhula kobuchule bobuchwephesha be-cybercriminal. Abadlali abakhohlakeleyo bahlala bephucula iindlela zabo zokuphepha ukubhaqwa, besebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo ukusuka ukungabikho kwedatha kusetyenziso lothungelwano olunatyisiweyo kunye nokukhangela amagama angachazwanga. Ukuhambisana nolu phuhliso kufuna uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nophando, ukubeka uxinzelelo kubahlalutyi bezobungcwalisa ukuba baqhubeke behlaziya izakhono zabo.

Okokugqibela, imiba yolawulo idla ngokuyenza ibe nzima imicimbi. Ngexesha lonxibelelwano lwehlabathi kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha, ulawulo luba yindawo engwevu. Imithetho nemimiselo elawula uhlolisiso lwekhompyutha isenokwahluka kwilizwe ngalinye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukusebenzisana nezizwe ngezizwe. Ukumisela igunya apho ubungqina obuthile buwela khona kunokuba ngumngeni obalulekileyo wolungiselelo kunye nomthetho.

8. IiNdlela zekamva kunye neeTekhnoloji ezisakhulayo kwi-Computer Forensics

Ubume bobuchwephesha bekhompyuter buhlala buguquka, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekhawulezayo. Omnye wazoost iintsingiselo eziphambili kukukhula kokugxila kwi-forensics yamafu. Ngedatha ethe chatha egcinwe efini, iingcali zophando-nzulu kufuneka zilungelelanise iindlela zazo zokuqokelela ubungqina kula maqonga aphantsi kolawulo. Iindlela zokufumana iinkcukacha zemveli zihlala zisilela, kwaye izixhobo ezitsha, ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi kunye neendlela ziyaphuhliswa ukujongana nalo mngeni.

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindawo ye-forensics ehambayo. Ngee-smartphones zisiba yinto yonke kwaye ziya zisiba nobuchule, zihlala zibubungqina obuphambili kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye noluntu. Iseti ekhethekileyo yemingeni abayibonisayo-ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo ukuya kwi-encrypted data yokugcina-ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kwiindlela ze-forensic. Ubuchwephesha obufana nokufunyanwa kwedatha ephilayo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo ziya zisibaluleka, zinika umbono kwimisebenzi yabasebenzisi bexesha lokwenyani.

I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kunye nokufunda koomatshini nabo baqala ukwenza uphawu lwabo. Ezi teknoloji zinamandla okuzenzekelayo imiba eyahlukeneyo yokuhlalutya idatha, iyenza ikhawuleze kwaye isebenze ngakumbi. Imodeli eqikelelwayo inokunceda abaphandi bagxininise kumanqaku edatha ebalulekileyo, ukunciphisa inani lolwazi olungafunekiyo lokuhluza. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI kukwaphakamisa iinkxalabo zokuziphatha, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwi-bias kunye nokuthembeka, kufuna ukulingana phakathi kokuzenzekelayo kunye nobuchule bomntu.

Okokugqibela, ukuvela kwe-quantum computing kubangela imingeni kunye namathuba. Ngelixa amandla ayo okuqhuba anokuguqula uguqulelo lwedatha, enze iindlela zangoku zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo luphelelwe lixesha, inokubonelela ngeendlela ezintsha, ezikhuseleke ngakumbi zokugcina idatha. Le dichotomy imele umda omtsha ekuya kufuneka iingcali zophando lwezobungcwalisa kungekudala ziwuhambe, kwaye amalungiselelo oku sele eqhuba ngendlela quantum-ekhuselekileyo cryptographic algorithms.

9. Isiphelo kunye neeNgcebiso

I-forensics yeKhompyutha ihambe indlela ende, isuka kwi-niche yoqeqesho ukuya kwilitye lembombo kuphando lwangoku lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye noluntu. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, ngokunjalo neendlela, izixhobo, kunye nemingeni ejongene neengcali zenzululwazi. Ngelixa ukuqhubela phambili kuyathembisa, kukwafuna uluntu oluziqhelanisayo, olufundileyo, nolunoxanduva lokuziphatha ngokweenqobo zokuziphatha ukuze bakwazi ukuzulazula kulo mhlaba usoloko utshintsha ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuhambelana nale nkalo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Iinkqubo zemfundo noqeqesho lobuchwephesha kufuneka zifunwe ukufumana izakhono ezitsha kwaye uhlale usexesheni neendlela zamva nje. Izatifikethi ezivela kwimibutho ehloniphekileyo zinokunceda iingcali zezobuchwephesha ukuba zigqame kwaye ziqinisekise ubuchule babo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo elikhethekileyo.

Kwimibutho, utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ezomeleleyo ze-forensic kunye neziseko zophuhliso alukhethi kodwa kuyimfuneko yokwenza uphando ngokukhawuleza nangokuchaneka. Nokuba zizisombululo zehardware okanye zesoftware, ukuqinisekisa ukuba unetekhnoloji efanelekileyo onayo ngundoqo kwimpumelelo. Ngaphezu koko, intsebenziswano kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ye-cybersecurity, uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye Ukufaka umthatho inokuququzelela indlela ebanzi kuphando.

Okokugqibela, iinqobo ezisesikweni kunye nomthetho akumele zithotyelwe. Ukubambelela kwimigaqo, ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo, kunye nokulandela umthetho akuzomfuneko nje zobungcali kodwa kuyimfanelo yokuziphatha. Ukungathotyelwa kwemigaqo kungakhokelela kuphando oluphantsi kunye neziphumo zomthetho, ngaloo ndlela kugxininisa imfuneko yemfezeko kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Intshayelelo yoMbhali:

UVera Chen yingcali yokubuyisela idatha kwi DataNumen, Inc., eyinkokeli yehlabathi kubuchwephesha bokubuyisela idatha. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ndwendwela www.datanumen.com