11 Best PowerPoint Iiklasi zoQeqesho (2024)

1. intshayelelo

Microsoft PowerPoint sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwiingcali zoshishino, abafundisi, kunye nabafundi ngokufanayo. Ukufumana ubuchule kwesi sixhobo sonyusa amandla akho okubonisa ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo ngendlela elula, esebenzisanayo, nebandakanyayo. Ngokukunika amandla okunxibelelana kakuhle nezimvo zakho, PowerPoint ifezekisa iinkqubo zemfundo nezoshishino

1.1 Ukubaluleka kwe PowerPoint Iklasi yoQeqesho

Ukwandisa amandla apheleleyo wesi sixhobo, kubalulekile ukubhalisa kwi- PowerPoint Iklasi yoQeqesho. Ezi klasi zilungiselelwe ukubonelela abafundi ngezakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze benze iinkcazo-ntetho ezichubekileyo nezinyanzelisayo. PowerPoint iiklasi zicazulule imisebenzi yesi sixhobo ukunika ingqiqo ebanzi yokusebenza kwayo. Ukongeza kwi-boostngokuvelisa imveliso yobuqu, ezi zakhono zinokukwenza ube yi-asethi exabisekileyo kubaqeshi abanokuthi baxabise ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngezimvo ngokufanelekileyo.

1.2 PowerPoint I-Software yoBuyiselo

A PowerPoint umsebenzisi naye ufuna okulungileyo PowerPoint ukubuyisela isoftware imveliso, ezifana DataNumen PowerPoint Recovery:

1.3 Iinjongo zolu thelekiso

Eyona njongo iphambili yolu thelekiso kukuncedisa abafundi ekukhetheni a PowerPoint IKlasi yoQeqesho ehambelana neenjongo zabo zokufunda, izinto abazithandayo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Olu thelekiso lujolise ekunikeni uvavanyo olungakhethi cala lweminikelo yeeklasi ezahlukeneyo. Iya kuphonononga kwizinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zekhosi nganye, inika abafundi abanokuba ngabafundi umfanekiso obanzi wezinto ezilindelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, olu thelekiso luya kunceda ekwenzeni ukhetho olunolwazi kwezona zifumanekayo PowerPoint iiklasi.

2 Coursera

I-Coursera liqonga lokufunda kwi-intanethi elibonelela ngoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezifundo ezivela kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili kunye neenkampani kwihlabathi liphela. Ibonelela ngezifundo ezininzi ezinikezelwe kuzo PowerPoint Uqeqesho, ukuxhobisa abafundi ngolwazi nezakhono ezifunekayo ukwenza iinkcazo-ntetho ezifanelekileyo.

2.1 IiPros

• Ukufikelela kumaziko akumgangatho ophezulu: Nge-Coursera, unokufikelela PowerPoint izifundo ezivela kumaziko adumileyo kunye nemibutho, okunokubakho ukwandisa ixabiso kunye nokuqatshelwa kwekhosi.
• Ukufunda okuguquguqukayo: I-Coursera ivumela abafundi ukuba bafunde ngesantya sabo, inika ukuguquguquka ukulungiselela iishedyuli ezahlukeneyo kunye nesantya sokufunda.
• Isatifikethi sokugqitywa: Emva kokugqiba ikhosi ye-Coursera, abafundi bafumana isatifikethi ekunokwabelwana ngaso nabo banokuba ngabaqeshi okanye sisetyenziselwe ukufumana ikhredithi yemfundo kumaziko athile.

2.2 Ububi

• Umgangatho oguquguqukayo: Ukunikezelwa koluhlu olubanzi lwababoneleli bezifundo, umgangatho wezifundo unokwahluka. Kubalulekile ukufunda ngononophelo uphononongo lwekhosi kunye neenkcazo phambi kokubhalisa.
• Cost: Ngelixa ezinye PowerPoint Izifundo kwi-Coursera zisimahla, ezinye, ngakumbi abo banikezela ngesatifikethi sokugqiba, bafuna intlawulo. Oku kunokuba sisithintelo esinokubakho kwabanye abantu.

3 Udemy

I-Udemy liqonga lokufunda elidumileyo kwi-Intanethi elibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo ezizodwa kuzo zonke iinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya PowerPoint uqeqesho. Iikhosi zeqonga zenziwa ziingcali kulo mmandla, zinika imiyalelo enzulu kubafundi bawo onke amanqanaba amava.

3.1 IiPros

• Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifundo: Udemy unokhetho oluninzi lwe PowerPoint iikhosi, ezivumela abafundi ukuba bakhethe ikhosi ehambelana neemfuno zabo zokufunda.
• Ukufikelela ubomi bonke: Nje ukuba ikhosi ithengiwe, abafundi bafumana ukufikelela ubomi babo bonke kwimathiriyeli yekhosi abayikhethileyo, evumela uphononongo oluqhubekayo nokufunda.
• Izaphulelo zarhoqo: I-Udemy ihlala ibonelela ngezaphulelo kwizifundo zabo ezininzi, zisenza ukuba zifikeleleke ngakumbi.

3.2 Ububi

• Umgangatho wezifundo ezahlukeneyo: Kuba nabani na onobuchule enokuba ngumhlohli kwi-Udemy, umgangatho kunye nokuqonda kwezifundo kunokwahluka kakhulu.
• Unyino lomgaqo-nkqubo wembuyekezo: Ipolisi yembuyekezo ye-Udemy inemida ethile. Umzekelo, izifundo ezithengwe ngewebhusayithi yomntu wesithathu okanye i-iOS app ayifanelekanga ukuba ibuyiswe.

4. I-Linkedin Learning

I-Linkedin Learning, eyayifudula isaziwa ngokuba yiLynda.com, liqonga elisebenzisana neengcali zeshishini ukubonelela ngezifundo kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya iMicrosoft. PowerPoint. Ngokuyintloko tarufumana iingcali ezinqwenela ukuqhubela phambili izakhono kunye nezicwangciso zabo kwiinkalo zabo ngokwahlukeneyo ngamava okufunda abanzi.

4.1 IiPros

• Umxholo okumgangatho ophezulu: I-Linkedin Learning isebenzisana neengcaphephe zeshishini ukuphuhlisa izifundo zayo, iqinisekisa ukuba isexesheni, ifanelekile, kunye nomxholo okumgangatho ophezulu.
• Ukudityaniswa neprofayile ye-Linkedin: Izatifikethi ezivela kwi-Linkedin Learning zinokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ziboniswe kwiprofayili yakho ye-Linkedin, ukuphucula isibheno sakho sobuchule.
• Isilingo sasimahla senyanga enye: I-Linkedin Learning inikezela ngolingo lwasimahla lwenyanga enye olunika ukufikelela okungenamkhawulo kuzo zonke izifundo, kubandakanywa PowerPoint enye, ikuvumela ukuba uvavanye iqonga ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise.

4.2 Ububi

• Umrhumo usekwe: Ngokungafaniyo namaqonga apho unokuthenga khona izifundo zomntu ngamnye, i-Linkedin Learning ifuna umrhumo wenyanga okanye wonyaka wokubhalisa ukufikelela kwizifundo zayo. Ngelixa ibonelela ngolingo lwasimahla, costs ziya kwenziwa emva kweli xesha.
• Intsebenziswano noluntu olunyiniweyo: Ngokungafaniyo namanye amaqonga, i-Linkedin Learning ayigxininisi intsebenziswano yoluntu, ngoko unokuphoswa ziingxoxo zoontanga kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi.

5. IMicrosoft

UMicrosoft, umyili we PowerPoint, ngokumangalisayo, inika uqeqesho olubanzi kwimveliso yayo. Uqeqesho lwenzelwe ukunceda abasebenzisi bawo onke amanqanaba-abaqalayo ukuya phambili-bafunde indlela yokusisebenzisa kakuhle isixhobo kwiinkalo zabo.

5.1 IiPros

• Iphelele kwaye isemthethweni: Njengoko umthombo wezinto uvela ngokuthe ngqo kubadali be PowerPoint, ibonelela ngengqiqo ebanzi nechanekileyo yokusebenza kwesixhobo.
• free: ZeMicrosoft PowerPoint uqeqesho lufumaneka simahla, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esifikelelekayo kumntu wonke.
• Umxholo ohlukeneyo: Uqeqesho luthatha uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko ezigubungela zombini imisebenzi esisiseko kunye neempawu eziphambili ze PowerPoint.

5.2 Ububi

• Yakhiwe kancinci: Ngokungafaniyo namanye amaqonga apho umxholo ucwangciswe kwiikhosi, umxholo woqeqesho weMicrosoft ufana ne-lib enkulurary yezihloko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kancinane ukulandela indlela yokufunda eqhubela phambili.
• Akukho siqinisekiso: I-Microsoft ayiboneleli ngesatifikethi sokugqibezela uqeqesho, isenza ukuba kungabikho mtsalane kangako kwabo bafuna ukuxhasa iiprofayili zabo zobungcali.

6. I-SkillShare

I-SkillShare luluntu lokufunda kwi-intanethi olugxile ekuboneleleni ngeeklasi 'ezinkulu' kubafundi. Ibonelela ngenani lezifundo kwi PowerPoint, ukunceda abafundi baqonde kungekuphela nje ukusebenza kwesoftware kodwa kunye nobuchule bokwenza iintetho ezisebenzayo.

6.1 IiPros

• Imfundo esekwe eluntwini: I-SkillShare ikhuthaza ukufunda okusebenzisanayo, apho abasebenzisi bengafundi kuphela kumxholo wekhosi kodwa banokusebenzisana nabanye abafundi, f.ostukwenza indawo yokufunda enempilo.
• Izifundo ezimfutshane nezibanzi: I-SkillShare igxile ekuboneleleni ngeeklasi ezimfutshane, iyenza ilunge kwabo bafuna ukufunda okuninzi ngexesha elincinci.
• Indlela esebenzayo: Iiklasi ezininzi ze-SkillShare zigxininisa 'ukufunda ngokwenza', ukomeleza ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono ezifundiweyo.

6.2 Ububi

• Ufikelelo olulinganiselweyo lwasimahla: Ngelixa i-SkillShare ibonelela ngezifundo zasimahla, uninzi lomxholo wabo ufuna umrhumo weprimiyamu.
• Akukho siqinisekiso: I-SkillShare ayiboneleli ngezatifikethi ekugqityweni kwekhosi, nto leyo enokuba ngumqobo kubantu abafuna ukubonisa ubuchule babo bokufunda.

7. Uqeqesho lwePWC

UQeqesho lwe-PWC liqonga lemfundo elikhethekileyo kunye noqeqesho elibonelela ngokugxila PowerPoint ikhosi yoqeqesho, tarukufumana abantu abajonge ukukhulisa amandla abo okutyibilika kwindawo yeshishini okanye yeshishini.

7.1 IiPros

• Uqeqesho olugxile kushishino: Ikharityhulamu yoqeqesho iyilwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zobungcali zomntu ngamnye, iyenza ifaneleke kuye nabani na ojonge ukuphucuka kwisakhono sokuseka ishishini okanye ishishini.
• Inkxaso ezinikeleyo: UQeqesho lwe-PWC lubeka phambili inkxaso yabafundi, luqinisekisa ukuba imibuzo neenkxalabo ziphendulwa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.
• Isatifikethi sokugqitywa: Ekupheleni kwekhosi, abafundi banikwa isatifikethi sokugqiba isikolo esinokuthi siqinise iziqinisekiso zabo zobungcali.

7.2 Ububi

• Cost: Iikhosi kuQeqesho lwe-PWC zixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-most amaqonga e-intanethi, anokuba sisithintelo kubantu abakwibhajethi engqongqo.
• Umda wesifundo esilinganiselweyo: Ngokungafaniyo namaqonga anika uluhlu lwezifundo kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo, UQeqesho lwe-PWC lugxile ikakhulu kwizifundo zophuhliso lobungcali. Ke, ukuba ujonge ukufunda uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo, oku kusenokungabi yeyona nto ifanelekileyo.

8. IZiko loLwazi

I-Knowledge Academy ngumboneleli woqeqesho wehlabathi obonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo zobungcali, kuquka neMicrosoft enzulu PowerPoint Masterclass. Le khosi ijolise ekuncedeni abafundi bafumane ukuqonda okubanzi kwezakhono zesoftware, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuyilayo kweso sixhobo.

8.1 IiPros

• Ifomathi yoqeqesho olunzulu: The PowerPoint I-Masterclass evela kwi-The Knowledge Academy iquka ifomathi yoqeqesho olunzulu, olulungele ngokugqibeleleyo abantu abafuna ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nesakhono esipheleleyo sesixhobo.
• Amava abaqeqeshi: I-Knowledge Academy izidla ngokuba ngabaqeqeshi abanamava nabanegunya eliqinileyo kweso sifundo, beqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni.
• Isatifikethi sokugqitywa: Abafundi bafumana isatifikethi bakugqiba izifundo zabo, nto leyo enokuthi ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwipotifoliyo yabo yobungcali.

8.2 Ububi

• ixabiso: Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu, ifomathi yoqeqesho olunzulu, le khosi ithande ukuba costlier xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinikezelwa ngamanye amaqonga.
• Imiqobo yokucwangcisa: Uqeqesho lwenziwa ngqo kwaye lufuna ulungelelwaniso kunye nomboneleli-nkonzo ukuba enze ishedyuli, nto leyo enokuthi ibonwe njengengxaki kwabanye abakhetha ukufunda ngokuzihambela.

9. Ukufunda Okukhulu

Isifundo esiNgcono liqonga lokufunda kwi-intanethi eliqhayisa ngeenkqubo ezihambelana noshishino. PowerPoint izifundo ezingokuFundisa okuKhulu zijolise ekuxhobiseni abafundi ukuba baphucule izakhono zabo zokubonisa, ukwenza isixhobo sibe ngumhlobo onamandla kubomi babo bomsebenzi.

9.1 IiPros

• Indlela esebenzayo: Isifundo esiKhulu sijolise ekunikeni kungekuphela nje ukuqonda kwethiyori, kodwa kukwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo, ngokwenjenjalo fostukukhuthaza indawo yokufunda enempumelelo.
• Ukufaneleka kweshishini: Ezi khosi ziyilwe kucingwa ngokubaluleka koshishino, nto leyo enokuthi inyuse ixabiso lezakhono ezifunyenweyo.
• Izifundo zasimahla: Isifundo esikhulu sibonelela PowerPoint izifundo zasimahla, ezivumela abantu ukuba bafunde ngaphandle kokuzifaka costs.

9.2 Ububi

• Izifundo ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi: Ngelixa iSifundo esiKhulu sinengqokelela elungileyo yezifundo ezisisiseko kunye neziphakathi, zinokunganikeli ngezifundo eziphambili kakhulu ezinxulumene noko. PowerPoint.
• Akukho siqinisekiso sezifundo zasimahla: Izifundo zasimahla azizi nesatifikethi, esinokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwazo kubantu abafuna ukubonisa uqeqesho lwabo.

10. Alison

I-Alison liqonga lokufunda lasimahla kwi-Intanethi elibonelela ngezifundo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo. Inika ezininzi PowerPoint Izifundo, ezijolise kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuchule, ngaloo ndlela ikwenza kube lukhetho olunokubakho kuye nabani na ojonge ukugqwesa PowerPoint.

10.1 IiPros

• Ufikelelo lwamahala: I-Alison ibonelela ngokufikelela simahla kuzo zonke izifundo zayo, kubandakanya nezo zingaphakathi PowerPoint, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo bakuqingqo-mali.
• Amanqanaba ezifundo ezahlukeneyo: Nokuba ungumqali okanye uyingcaphephe, uAlison ubonelela ngezifundo ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle ukuze zihambelane nenqanaba lakho lobuchwephesha PowerPoint.
• Isiqinisekiso siyafumaneka: Kwakuba kugqityiwe, abafundi banokukhetha ukufumana isatifikethi okanye idiploma, nangona kukho umrhumo woku.

10.2 Ububi

• Izikhangiso: Ukuba liqonga lasimahla, i-Alison ixhasa iqonga layo ngeentengiso, ezinokuthi ziphazamise abafundi.
• Intlawulo yesiQinisekiso: Ngelixa iikhosi zisimahla, kukho umrhumo ukuba ufuna isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni okanye idiploma yokubonisa izakhono zakho.

11. UQeqesho lweWebhu oluNgqongileyo

UQeqesho lweWebhu eDynamic, umboneleli ophambili waseOstreliya wakwaMicrosoft PowerPoint izifundo, inikeza izandla-ngomntu kunye noqeqesho virtual. Ikharityhulamu yabo igxininisa kwizinto ezisisiseko kunye nemiba enzima kakhulu PowerPoint, kugxininiswa ekudaleni iintetho zobungcali nezisebenzayo.

11.1 IiPros

• Ukhetho lomntu kunye ne-intanethi: UQeqesho lweWebhu oluNgqobileyo lubonelela ngokhetho phakathi koqeqesho lobuqu kunye nolwenyani, ukulungiselela ukhetho olwahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno.
• Indlela ebanzi: zabo PowerPoint izifundo ziyilelwe ukuxhobisa abafundi ngezakhono ezibanzi, ukusuka ekudaleni isilayidi esisisiseko ukuya ekudibaniseni oopopayi abantsonkothileyo kunye nezinto ezisebenzisanayo.
• Abaqeqeshi beengcali: Abaqeqeshi kuQeqesho lweWebhu yeDynamic bangamagcisa anamava, aqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana uqeqesho olukumgangatho ophezulu nolusebenzayo.

11.2 Ububi

• Unyino lweJografi: Ngelixa babonelela ngeeklasi ze-intanethi, uqeqesho lomntu lufaneleke ikakhulu abafundi abaseOstreliya.
• ixabiso: Iikhosi kuQeqesho lweWebhu yeDynamic zinokubiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinketho ze-intanethi.

12. American Graphics Institute

American Graphics Institute (AGI) inikezela ngothotho lwe PowerPoint iiklasi ezibandakanya abaqalayo ukuya kwizihloko eziphambili. Ngenkqubo ejolise kumfundi, i-AGI iyile izifundo zayo ukunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bazisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo PowerPoint ukuyila kunye nokuhlela iinkcazo-ntetho.

12.1 IiPros

• Abaqeqeshi abanamava: Iikhosi kwi-AGI zifundiswa ziingcali ezinamava, zibonelela abafundi ngoqeqesho olusemgangathweni nolusebenzayo.
• Amanqanaba ezifundo ezahlukeneyo: Nokuba ungumqali, ungumsebenzisi ophakathi, okanye ingcali, i-AGI ibonelela ngezifundo ezihambelana nenqanaba lakho lobuchule.
• Isatifikethi sokuGqibela: I-AGI ibonelela ngesatifikethi ekugqityweni kwekhosi esinokusetyenziswa ukubonisa eyakho PowerPoint izakhono.

12.2 Ububi

• Cost: Iikhosi kwi-AGI zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nezo zikwamanye amaqonga.
• Umahluko kwindawo yexesha: Kubafundi bamazwe ngamazwe, ukulungelelanisa amaxesha ekhosi kunokuba ngumngeni ngenxa yomahluko onokubakho wezowuni yexesha.

13. isishwankathelo

13.1 Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iyonke

Iklasi yoQeqesho	Contents	Price
Coursera	PowerPoint izifundo ezivela kumaziko adumileyo kunye nemibutho	Ezinye izifundo simahla, ezinye zifuna intlawulo
Udemy	Ukukhetha okukhulu PowerPoint izifundo	Iyahluka ngekhosi nganye, ihlala ithotywa
Ufundo lwe-Linkedin	Professional PowerPoint izifundo ezivela kwiingcali zoshishino	Ifuna umrhumo wenyanga, isilingo sasimahla siyafumaneka
Microsoft	Uqeqesho olubanzi malunga nokusebenza kwe PowerPoint	free
IsakhonoSokwabelana	Interactive PowerPoint iikhosi ezigxininisa ekufundeni ngokwenza	Ifuna umrhumo weprimiyamu, ufikelelo oluthile lwasimahla
UQeqesho lwePWC	PowerPoint izifundo zophuhliso lobungcali	ehlawulwe
IZiko loLwazi	Microsoft PowerPoint Masterclass kunye nabaqeqeshi abanamava	ehlawulwe
Isifundo esikhulu	Ishishini-efanelekileyo PowerPoint izifundo	Ezinye izifundo simahla, ezinye zifuna intlawulo
alison	PowerPoint izifundo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuchwephesha	Mahala, isatifikethi sifuna intlawulo
UQeqesho lweWebhu oluNgqongileyo	Uxakekile PowerPoint iikhosi zezicwangciso zeshishini	ehlawulwe
Iziko leMizobo laseMelika	PowerPoint izifundo zawo onke amanqanaba, ezifundiswa ziingcali	ehlawulwe

13.2 Iklasi ecetyiswayo ngokuSekwe kwiiMfuno ezahlukeneyo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, amaqonga ahlukeneyo anokufaneleka ngakumbi. Kwabo bafuna unxibelelwano lobuchwephesha kunye nokwamkelwa, i-LinkedIn Learning lolona khetho lubalaseleyo. Kwabo bafuna izandla, uqeqesho olugxile kushishino, uQeqesho lweWeb Dynamic okanye uqeqesho lwePWC luyacetyiswa. Kwabo bafuna ukufunda ngesantya sabo, i-Coursera kunye ne-Udemy inokuba yeyona ilungileyo. Ufikelelo lwasimahla nolubanzi lubonelelwa nguMicrosoft. Okokugqibela, kwimfundo esekwe eluntwini, esebenzisanayo, ukhetho luya kuba yi-SkillShare.

14. Isiphelo

14.1 Iingcinga zokuGqibela kunye nezinto eziThathayo ekuKhetheni a PowerPoint Iklasi yoQeqesho

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenketho ezikhoyo xa kufikwa ekufundeni PowerPoint kwi-intanethi, nganye ineseti yayo yeenzuzo kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho. Ukhetho lwakho lwezifundo kufuneka luphenjelelwe ziimfuno zakho ezithile zokufunda, indlela yokufundisa oyikhethayo, ixesha elikhoyo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Itheyibhile yothelekiso echazwe ngasentla inika isishwankathelo seempawu zamaqonga ahlukeneyo ukunceda kwinkqubo yakho yokwenza izigqibo.

Nokuba yeyiphi iqonga olikhethayo, into ebalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhosi ibonelela ngomxholo obanzi oquka yonke imisebenzi PowerPoint kwaye ihambelana neenjongo zakho zokufunda. Ngokusisiseko, ikhondo elifanelekileyo lelo liguqula ngempumelelo PowerPoint ukusuka nje kwisixhobo ukuya kwihlakani elinokukunceda unxibelelane ngezimvo zakho ngobuchule nangempumelelo.

Intshayelelo yoMbhali:

UVera Chen yingcali yokubuyisela idatha kwi DataNumen, enika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa okulungileyo OST kwisixhobo sokuguqula se-PST.